Scripting

PowerShell

ForEach-Object

ForEach-Object { $_ }	Takes each item on the pipeline and handles it as $_
`[cmdlet]	% { [cmdlet] $_ }`
Get-Content C:\path\to\file.txt | ForEach-Object { $_.ToUpper() }	Converts all text in a file to uppercase.
Get-Content C:\path\to\file.txt | ForEach-Object { $_.Trim() }	Trims whitespace from the start and end of each line in a file.

Processes each line in a file and outputs to a new file. Customize the do command for specific modifications:

for /f "tokens=*" %i in (C:\path\to\file.txt) do @echo %i

Where-Object

Where-Object condition (alias where or ?):

Get-Process | Where-Object {$_.name -eq "notepad"}

Loops

Do Loop

Do-While Loop

$counter = 1
do {
    Write-Host "Do-While Loop Iteration: $counter"
    $counter++
} while ($counter -le 5)

Do-Until Loop

$counter = 1
do {
    Write-Host "Do-Until Loop Iteration: $counter"
    $counter++
} until ($counter -gt 5)

Do-While Loop with Condition at the End

$counter = 1
do {
    Write-Host "Do-While Loop (Condition at the End) Iteration: $counter"
    $counter++
} while ($counter -le 5)

Do-Until Loop with Condition at the End

$counter = 1
do {
    Write-Host "Do-Until Loop (Condition at the End) Iteration: $counter"
    $counter++
} until ($counter -gt 5)

Do-While Loop with Break

$counter = 1
do {
    Write-Host "Do-While Loop with Break Iteration: $counter"
    $counter++
    if ($counter -eq 3) {
        Write-Host "Breaking out of the loop"
        break
    }
} while ($true)

For Loop

Basic For Loop

for ($i = 1; $i -le 5; $i++) {
    Write-Host "Iteration $i"
}

For Loop with Array

$fruits = @("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry", "Date")
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $fruits.Length; $i++) {
    Write-Host "Fruit: $($fruits[$i])"
}

ForEach Loop (For Each Element in an Array)

$colors = @("Red", "Green", "Blue", "Yellow")
foreach ($color in $colors) {
    Write-Host "Color: $color"
}

ForEach Loop (For Each Item in a Directory)

$files = Get-ChildItem -Path C:\YourDirectoryPath
foreach ($file in $files) {
    Write-Host "File Name: $($file.Name)"
}

ForEach-Object Loop (Pipeline)

$numbers = 1..5
$numbers | ForEach-Object {
    Write-Host "Number: $_"
}

ForEach Loop (Associative Array/HashTable)

$person = @{
    "Name" = "John";
    "Age" = 30;
    "City" = "New York";
}
foreach ($key in $person.Keys) {
    Write-Host "$key: $($person[$key])"
}

Foreach Loop

$letterArray = "a","b","c","d"
foreach ($letter in $letterArray)
{
  Write-Host $letter
}

Example 1: ForEach Loop (For Each Element in an Array)

$fruits = @("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry", "Date")
ForEach ($fruit in $fruits) {
    Write-Host "Fruit: $fruit"
}

Example 2: ForEach Loop (For Each Element in a Range)

$numbers = 1..5
ForEach ($number in $numbers) {
    Write-Host "Number: $number"
}

Example 3: ForEach Loop (For Each Item in a Directory)

$files = Get-ChildItem -Path C:\YourDirectoryPath
ForEach ($file in $files) {
    Write-Host "File Name: $($file.Name)"
}

Example 4: ForEach Loop (For Each Key-Value Pair in a Hashtable)

$person = @{
    "Name" = "John";
    "Age" = 30;
    "City" = "New York";
}
ForEach ($key in $person.Keys) {
    Write-Host "$key: $($person[$key])"
}

Example 5: ForEach-Object Loop (For Each Object in a Pipeline)

$colors = @("Red", "Green", "Blue", "Yellow")
$colors | ForEach-Object {
    Write-Host "Color: $_"
}

While Loop

while (){}

Example 1: Basic While Loop

$counter = 1
while ($counter -le 5) {
    Write-Host "While Loop Iteration: $counter"
    $counter++
}

Example 2: While Loop with User Input

$continue = $true
while ($continue) {
    $input = Read-Host "Do you want to continue? (Y/N)"
    if ($input -eq "N" -or $input -eq "n") {
        $continue = $false
    }
}

Example 3: Infinite While Loop with Break

$counter = 1
while ($true) {
    Write-Host "Infinite While Loop Iteration: $counter"
    $counter++
    if ($counter -gt 5) {
        Write-Host "Breaking out of the loop"
        break
    }
}

Conditions

if (<test1>)
    {<statement list 1>}
[elseif (<test2>)
    {<statement list 2>}]
[else
    {<statement list 3>}]

Example 1: While Loop with a Condition

$counter = 1
while ($counter -le 5) {
    Write-Host "While Loop Iteration: $counter"
    $counter++
}

Example 2: Do-While Loop

$counter = 1
do {
    Write-Host "Do-While Loop Iteration: $counter"
    $counter++
} while ($counter -le 5)

Example 3: While Loop with User Input

$continue = $true
while ($continue) {
    $input = Read-Host "Do you want to continue? (Y/N)"
    if ($input -eq "N" -or $input -eq "n") {
        $continue = $false
    }
}

Example 4: Do-While Loop with User Input

$continue = $true
do {
    $input = Read-Host "Do you want to continue? (Y/N)"
    if ($input -eq "N" -or $input -eq "n") {
        $continue = $false
    }
} while ($continue)

Example 5: While Loop with a Break Condition

$counter = 1
while ($true) {
    Write-Host "While Loop Iteration: $counter"
    $counter++
    if ($counter -gt 5) {
        Write-Host "Breaking out of the loop"
        break
    }
}

Generating Ranges

Echo "Hello!" 10 times.

1..10 | % {echo "Hello!"}`

Generate a range of numbers in reverse order from 10 to 1

$range = 10..1
$range

Generate a range of letters from 'A' to 'Z'

$range = 'A'..'Z'
$range

Generate a range of even numbers from 2 to 10 with a step size of 2

$range = 2..10 | Where-Object { $_ % 2 -eq 0 }
$range

Generate a range of numbers based on variables

$start = 5
$end = 15
$range = $start..$end
$range

Properties

Get-Process | Get-Member	Gives the methods and properties of the object/cmdlet.
(cmdlet).property	Command Structure.
(GetProcess).Name	Returns the single property of 'name' of every process.
-ExpandProperty	Extracts values from properties.

Functions

Get-Help about_Functions	Displays the help about functions
Get-Help about_Functions_Advanced	Displays some more in-depth help about functions
Function Do-Stuff { Get-Date; Get-Process; Get-Service }	Creates a function
Do-Stuff	Runs the function

Comments

Creates a comment beside cmdlet:

Get-Process # comment

Multi-line comment:

<# comment
|
|
comment #>

How to find the data type

$PSHome | Get-Member	Displays System.String with its objects and properties.
$A=12	Creates variable A with an integer value of 12.
$A | Get-Member	Displays System.Int32 with its objects and properties.

CMD

Delete all .txt files in the current directory older than 7 days:

forfiles /s /m *.txt /d -7 /c "cmd /c del @file"

Delete files older than 30 days in a specific directory

forfiles /p "C:\path\to\directory" /s /m *.* /d -30 /c "cmd /c del @file"

/s: Recurse into subdirectories.

/m *.txt: Include only files with the .txt extension.

/d -7: Include files that are older than 7 days (negative value signifies "older than").

/c "cmd /c del @file": Execute the del @file command for each matching file.

Move all files newer than yesterday from the C:\Temp folder to the D:\Archive folder:

forfiles /s /m * /d +1 /c "cmd /c move @file D:\Archive"

/s: Recurse into subdirectories.

/m *: Include all files (regardless of extension).

/d +1: Include files that are newer than yesterday (positive value signifies "newer than").

/c "cmd /c move @file D:\Archive": Execute the move @file D:\Archive command for each matching file.

Copy all .jpg files from the C:\Photos folder to the D:\Backup folder:

forfiles /s /m *.jpg /c "cmd /c copy @file D:\Backup"

Copy all PDF files from one directory to another

forfiles /p "C:\path\to\source" /m *.pdf /c "cmd /c copy @path C:\path\to\destination"

Print the names of all txt files in a directory

forfiles /p "C:\path\to\directory" /m *.txt /c "cmd /c echo @file"

Rename all .docx files in the current directory to start with "Document_":

forfiles /s /m *.docx /c "cmd /c ren @file Document_@file"

Change the extension of all .txt files to .bak in a directory

forfiles /p "C:\path\to\directory" /m *.txt /c "cmd /c ren @file @fname.bak"

Recursively list the paths of all files in a directory and its subdirectories

forfiles /p "C:\path\to\directory" /s /c "cmd /c echo @path"

Log the names and sizes of all .exe files in the current directory and subdirectories:

forfiles /s /m *.exe /c "cmd /c echo @file (@fsize)" >> exe_files.log"

Execute a PowerShell command on each file in a directory

forfiles /p "C:\path\to\directory" /m *.* /c "cmd /c powershell -Command \"Some-PowerShell-Command -Argument @file\""

Print the last modified date of all files in a directory

forfiles /p "C:\path\to\directory" /c "cmd /c echo @file @fdate"

Create a directory for each file in a directory (using the file name as the directory name)

forfiles /p "C:\path\to\directory" /m *.* /c "cmd /c mkdir @fname"

@file

Represents the full path of the current file being processed by the loop or command.

Its value changes as the loop iterates through a set of files.

Use it within commands to perform actions specific to each file, like copying, deleting, or hashing.

@date

Holds the date and time associated with the current file being processed.

The specific format of @date depends on the command being used.

forfiles typically provides access to date components like creation, modification, or access time.

It allows comparing file dates with specific criteria within the loop.