Kernel Modules (Drivers)

Enumerate

uname -a	Prints kernel name, release, and version.
uname -r	Prints just the kernel release.
lsmod	Lists currently loaded kernel modules.
cat /proc/modules	Displays similar output to lsmod, directly from a virtual file in the proc filesystem.
ls /usr/lib/modules	Lists installed kernel module directories.
ls /lib/modules/$(uname -r)	Lists all available kernel modules in the default module directory for the current kernel version.
ls /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers	Lists available driver modules for the current kernel.
ls /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/extra	Lists extra kernel modules.
modinfo <module_name>	Retrieves detailed information about a specific kernel module.
systemctl list-units --type=kmod	Lists kernel modules managed as systemd services.
modprobe -n <module_name>	Simulates loading a module without actually loading it.
modprobe -v <module_name>	Verbosely loads a kernel module, providing detailed output.
modprobe -l	Lists available modules that can be loaded.
find /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/ -type f -name '*.ko' -exec ls {} ;	Enumerate kernel modules in the directory corresponding to the running kernel version

Modify

depmod -a	Updates module dependency information.
modprobe <mod_name>	Loads a kernel module if it's not already loaded.
modprobe -r <mod_name>	Unloads a module.
insmod <module_file>	Manually loads a module (less common).
insmod <module_path>	Manually inserts module into the kernel. Use with caution.
rmmod <module_name>	Removes (unloads) a loaded kernel module.
modconf	Configures kernel modules interactively.

File Locations

modprobe.d	Directory containing configuration files for module options (/etc/modprobe.d/ on many systems).
/sys/module	Directory containing information and configuration for loaded kernel modules.
/lib/modules/<kernel_version>/	Directory containing kernel modules, where you can add or remove modules.
/etc/modules	File where you can list modules to be automatically loaded during system startup.
/etc/modprobe.d/	Directory for custom module configuration files.
/etc/modprobe.conf	Older file for configuring module options (may not be present on all systems).
/proc/modules	File listing currently loaded modules (read-only).
/proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled	File to control module loading (0 for enabled, 1 for disabled).
/sbin/lsmod	Location of the lsmod command executable.
/sbin/modprobe	Location of the modprobe command executable.
/sbin/insmod	Location of the insmod command executable.
/sbin/rmmod	Location of the rmmod command executable.
/sbin/depmod	Location of the depmod command executable.
/usr/bin/modinfo	Location of the modinfo command executable.
/usr/sbin/modconf	Location of the modconf command executable.
/usr/share/modprobe/	Directory containing module utilities and scripts.
/usr/share/doc/module-init-tools/	Location of module initialization tools documentation (may vary by distribution).
/lib/modules/<kernel_version>/kernel/	Directory containing kernel module files.
/lib/modules/<kernel_version>/modules.dep	File containing module dependency information.
/lib/modules/<kernel_version>/modules.alias	File containing module alias information.
/lib/modules/<kernel_version>/modules.symbols	File containing module symbol version information.
/lib/modules/<kernel_version>/modules.symbols.bin	Binary version of the module symbols file.
/lib/modules/<kernel_version>/modules.builtin	File listing built-in modules.
/lib/modules/<kernel_version>/modules.order	File defining module load order.
/lib/modules/<kernel_version>/build	Symbolic link to the kernel source directory (may not be present on all systems).
/lib/modules/<kernel_version>/source	Symbolic link to the kernel source directory (may not be present on all systems).
/lib/modules/<kernel_version>/extra	Directory where some distributions store additional modules.